Erre Moscia - Dispelling Linguistic Myths and Legends

Erre Moscia - Dispelling Linguistic Myths and Legends ​ The main part of our phonetic competency is found out at an early age-ordinarily before we even give indications of having procured this capacity. We tune in to elocutions, inflections and rhythms, and use everything to design our own specific manner of talking. As grown-ups, we can watch this procedure occurring in small kids figuring out how to talk. What we dont as a rule watch is that we start to shape sentiments about someone else dependent on upon the manner in which the person talks. Accents characterize us in a larger number of ways than we want to concede. Normally these predispositions stay subliminal, just uncovered, for instance, when we accept somebody with a heavier complement less astute than ourselves. Different occasions, the ideas are a lot nearer to the surface.One such exceptionally discussed assumption of Italian phonology focuses on the misconstrued letter r which is ordinarily articulated as an alveolar trill in the front of the mouth. Be that as it may, in cer tain pieces of Italy, remarkably Piedmont and different pieces of the northwest close to the French outskirt, r is delivered as an uvular sound in the rear of the mouth. This is known as erre moscia or delicate r and numerous Italians have delegated this terrible elocution off-base, venturing to such an extreme as to state that each one of the individuals who talk with erre moscia are either inflated or have a discourse obstacle. Before making such presumptions about erre moscia, we should comprehend a couple of straightforward realities about its experience. The History of R The letter r has an unmistakable history in numerous dialects. In the phonetic table of consonants it stows away under the mark fluid or approximant, which are simply extravagant terms for letters somewhere between consonants and vowels. In English, it is one of the last sounds to be grown, perhaps on the grounds that kids arent consistently certain what individuals are doing to deliver the sound. Analyst and language specialist Carol Espy-Wilson utilized a MRI to check the vocal tract of Americans saying the letter r. So as to create r, we should tighten our throats and lips, position our tongue and connect with the vocal ropes, all of which requires a great deal of very much planned exertion. She found that various speakers utilize distinctive tongue positions, yet display no adjustment in the sound itself. At the point when an individual produces a sound contrasting from ordinary r, that individual is said to show indications of rhotacism (rotacismo in Italian). Rhotacism, authore d from the Greek letter rho for r, is an inordinate use or impossible to miss way to express r. Why Piedmont? The expression no man is an island relates similarly too to human dialects as to human feelings. Regardless of the endeavors of numerous language idealists to keep impacts from different dialects entering their own, there is nothing of the sort as a disengaged etymological condition. Any place at least two dialects exist next to each other, there is the chance of language contact, which is the obtaining and blending of words, highlights and syntactic structures. The northwest locale of Italy, as a result of its common outskirt with France, is in a prime situation for implantation and blending in with French. Huge numbers of Italys lingos developed comparably, each changing distinctively relying upon the language with which it came into contact. Accordingly, they turned out to be commonly endless. When any adjustment has occurred, it stays inside the language and is passed from age to age. Etymologist Peter W. Jusczyk has led research in the field of language securing. It is his hypothesis that our ability to see discourse straightforwardly influences how we gain proficiency with our local tongue. In his book The Discovery of Spoken Language Jusczyk looks at various examinations which show that from around six to eight months old enough, newborn children can recognize unobtrusive contrasts in each language. By eight to ten months, they are as of now losing their all inclusive capacity to recognize fragile phonetic contrasts so as to become pros in their own language. When creation starts, they are acquainted with specific sounds and will recreate them in their own discourse. It follows that if a youngster just hears erre moscia, that is the way he will articulate the letter r. While erre moscia happens in different areas of Italy, those cases are viewed as deviations though in the northwest district erre moscia is entirely ordinary. Its a well known fact that r-at any rate at the outset is an extremely troublesome sound to create. It is one of the last sounds youngsters figure out how to state effectively, and has demonstrated a somewhat troublesome obstacle for individuals attempting to become familiar with an unknown dialect who guarantee they can't roll their rs. In any case, it is dubious that individuals who talk with erre moscia have embraced that sound because of a failure to articulate another sort of r. Language instructors who work with youngsters to address an assortment of obstructions (not only for the letter r) state that they have never seen a situation where a kid substitutes an uvular r for another. The thought doesnt bode well in light of the fact that erre moscia is as yet an adaptation of the letter (yet not the mainstream one) and still requires entangled situating of the tongue. More probable, a kid will substitute the semivowel w sound which is near the letter r and simpler to articulate, making them sound like Elmer Fudd when he yelled Dat waskily wabbit! Concerning a vainglorious gesture, there are unquestionably instances of well off, noticeable Italians who talk with this highlight. Entertainers who wish to portray a blue-blood from the 1800s are said to embrace erre moscia. There are significantly later instances of well off Italians who talk with erre moscia, for example, the as of late perished Gianni Agnelli, industrialist and rule investor of Fiat. Be that as it may, it ought not be disregarded that Agnelli was from Turin, the capital city of the Piedmont district where erre moscia is a piece of the local tongue. Absolutely the wonder of erre moscia in Italian discourse isn't the outcome of any one variable yet rather a blend. A few people may decide to utilize erre moscia with an end goal to appear to be progressively refined, however considering the disgrace appended, it would appear to nullify the point. It doesnt have all the earmarks of being a discourse obstacle in light of the fact that erre moscia isn't any simpler to create than the ordinary Italian r. Almost certain it is the aftereffect of language contact with French and appropriation as a feature of the local vernacular. Anyway there are as yet numerous inquiries encompassing this bizarre sound and the discussion will proceed among speakers of Italian, both local and foreign.About the Author: Britten Milliman is a local of Rockland County, New York, whose enthusiasm for unknown dialects started at age three, when her cousin acquainted her with Spanish. Her enthusiasm for phonetics and dialects from around the world runs profound however Italian and the individuals who talk it hold a unique spot in her heart.

Animal Farm and A Modest Proposal Essay -- Animal Farm A Modest Propos

Animal Farm and A Modest Proposal Albeit 'Animal Farm' and 'A Modest Proposal' were composed more than two hundred years separated, and one is true to life and the other isn't, there are unmistakable similitudes between the two. Both of the pieces are political, with 'Animal Farm' in view of the Russian Revolution, and 'A Modest Proposal' in view of the circumstance of vagrancy in Ireland. Likewise, both of the pieces are sarcastic. Animal Farm scorns the normal Russian individuals for being guileless, and 'A Modest Proposal' derides government officials who overlook reasonable recommendations and concoct extraordinary ones. In the development to his discourse, Old Major first makes a sound as if to speak, to increase the entirety of the creatures' consideration. The way that he should simply make a sound as if to speak to do this, gives the feeling that he is definitive, and in charge. We are given that the other creatures regard him. In the accompanying section, Old Major notices a fantasy, however he says I will go to the fantasy later. The fantasy is the entire explanation the meeting has been called, and by saying that he will discuss it later holds the entirety of the creatures in anticipation. They are happy to tune in whatever he needs to state, to find out about the fantasy. He additionally specifies his up and coming passing, which will pick up the crowd's compassion, and once more cause them to tune in. To ensure that the creatures will tune in to him, he says that he will pass onto to you such shrewdness as I have procured. This causes it to appear as though all that he is going to let them know is insightful, valid and worth tuning in to. In the third passage of his discourse, he is severely fair, and works up the creatures, to get them irate. He lets them know our lives are hopeless, arduous and short. This is the 'issue'. He at that point tells them the 'sol... ...ing their unwanted kids; tsk-tsk! Again however, Swift uses a parcel less outcry marks than Old Major. This is for the most part since his piece is intended to be formal. Both Old Major and Swift use similar sounding word usage in the pieces to make themselves sound beautiful and expressive. In one piece of his discourse, Old Significant says as sure as I see this straw The reiteration of the 's' makes certain words in that sentence stick out, making his message all the more clear. Quick says Four females. Albeit Old Major's discourse and 'A Modest Proposal' were composed over 200 years separated, the two of them utilize fundamentally the same as procedures and improvement of their contention to express what is on their mind. Both of the pieces are politically based and mocking, both utilize formal and emotive language, contrasting sentence types and structures and in meager sums, similar sounding word usage. This makes their contentions reasonably comparable.

What Would Happen If You Just Let Go

What Would Happen If You Just Let Go If youre like most people, then theres probably something in your life thats holding you back. A closet filled with clothes you dont enjoy. A garage or basement brimming with stuff. A crappy relationship. A bad habit. Something. Why are you holding on, though? Because its comfortable? Because its safe? Because society tells you youre supposed to? Look around your home, your car, your office. Why are you holding on to so much stuff that doesnt add value to your life? Now, what would happen if you just let go  of the excess? What benefits would you experience? How would it feel to have more time, more money, more contentment? How would it feel to have a cleaner home, a clearer mind, a less stressful life? Well, a new month is approaching. Maybe a month of the Minimalism Game  is in order. Perhaps nowâ€"right nowâ€"is the perfect  time to let go. After all, whats the worst that could happen? Or better yet: whats the best that could happen? The only person who can  give you permission to let go is you. Subscribe to The Minimalists via email.

Compare, contrast and evaluate Mill (John Stuart) and Nietzsches (Friedrich) view on conventional morality Free Essay Example, 3500 words

Compare, Contrast and Evaluate JS Mill and Friedrich Nietzsche’s views on conventional morality? Traditionally approached there appears little apparent compatibility in Mill’s utilitarianism and Nietzsche’s existentialist philosophy, but when looked at in greater depths a number of themes overlap. Although Mill’s philosophy tends to be structured around community, and Nietzsche’s around the individual, for both philosophers the concept of morality, and more specifically conventional (or Christian) morality, was at the heart of their understanding of society. Despite a great variance in their approaches it is worthwhile to analyse each, especially in the wake of recent post-modern liberalist readings that have sought to align the two philosophers, especially those of Richard Rorty. It may be useful to set out initially the traditional interpretations of each philosophy and to work from there in exploring how the two can be seen to compliment, and to conflict with, each other. The basis of JS Mill’s utilitarianism rests on a number of principles, centred on the ultimate aim of happiness. In Utilitarianism he stresses â€Å"The utilitarian doctrine is that happiness is desirable, and the only thing desirable, as an end; all other things being only desirable as means to that end. †1 One of his main themes being that of the harm principle. We will write a custom essay sample on Compare, contrast and evaluate Mill (John Stuart) and Nietzsche's (Friedrich) view on conventional morality or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

What Everyone Is Saying About Hard times Essay Topics Is Dead Wrong and Why

What Everyone Is Saying About Hard times Essay Topics Is Dead Wrong and Why It's indeed a fact that high school life has become the most unforgettable knowledge in our teenage life. On our site you will discover a great deal more useful distinctive information that is certain to be beneficial for junior and higher school kids from, like common home task essay about Hamlet, together with, for instance, application essays for college for future students. Many students think that it is a waste of time. Because of this, most students complain of a feeling of disconnection from poetry. The simple fact this innocence is being taken away from them and they're turning into adolescents means they are entering a huge dishonesty, fault and failure. Our life is about words. These four years has been a general life changing experience that I won't ever forget. The conclusion of slavery isn't marked with one definite date, but using a long procedure and chain of events. The Basic Facts of Hard times Essay Topics Then, it's required to supply a crucial review of the literature regarding the problem under discussion. Various TV programs may be the topic of debate. So, just discover those and you'll locate a debatable topic. When these topics can lead to an excellent paper, it's almost always a sensible idea to decide on a more original topic. Before writing about this subject, you'll likely have to do your fair share of research. Education scholars are continuously evolving the way that they think about how we learn and what's taught. Students are accustomed to the simple fact which their professors give them with the assignment's topic. There are invariably a wide selection of opinions on the field of technology, and here are our favourite things to consider on this issue. The U.S. government should offer internet service for each and every citizen. Special attention needs to be paid to the introduction of a strong argument. Many students make the most of our title page generator. The teachers don't always assign the specific topic. Very often it becomes hard to choose one particular topic either on account of the many ideas in the student's head, or due to their complete absence. With these strategies, you can develop interesting and special topics in almost no time whatsoever. The Unexposed Secret of Hard times Essay Topics High-stakes state testing needs to be abolished. Quite often professors may provide you an option of selecting your idea. All students ought to be asked to perform one particular year of community services. Every student needs to be asked to take a performing arts course. MLA would be the simplest style to begin with, and it's excellent for each of the ideas listed above. When you're in high school, it's definite that you're predicted to do a few write-ups and projects which require pen and paper. It is advised to divide this kind of paper into sections. Academic supervisor locally of Coketown, Gradgrind believes facts offer the secrets to success. Writing a high school essay if you've got the tips about how to do essay effectively. Textbooks ought to be free. School uniforms should be deemed necessary. PaperCoach can assist you with all your papers, so take a look at this time! Recycling should be mandatory for everybody. Categories, essay topics could possibly be divided into. Teachers should not be permitted to contact students through social networking. Moral argumentative essay topics are a few of the simplest to get carried away with. Smaller classes so teacher can actually get to understand their students. Many students know that it's not simple to effectively develop an argumentative topic. Most students attempt to steer clear of poetry. Public prayer shouldn't be allowed in schools. Students ought to be permitted to pray in school. They should be able to leave school for lunch. Do not neglect to develop an efficient outline to be successful!

Silic Case Free Essays

Accy 510 Silic Case Homework Assignment Name: Yue (Josie) Deng Date: June 11, 2012 #1 On 01/01/2003, Silic should record the one-off, fair-value revaluation as result of its adoption of SIIC tax regime. Because the building was appraised at â‚ ¬12,500 and originally bought at â‚ ¬10,000, the firm needs to make a journal entry to account for this increase in value 01/01/2003 Buildings Landâ‚ ¬2,500 Revaluation Surplusâ‚ ¬2,500 * Land Building = â‚ ¬12,500 – â‚ ¬10,000 = â‚ ¬2,500 * As we learned in class from reading Silic’s financial statements, 82. % of the unrealized gains from revaluation will flow to the Revaluation Surplus account and 17. We will write a custom essay sample on Silic Case or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1% will flow to the Other Creditors account. * â‚ ¬2,500 * 82. 9% = â‚ ¬2,072 * â‚ ¬2,500 * 17. 1% = â‚ ¬428 * However, in this particular case, we combine the two accounts for simplicity purposes. On 12/31/2003, Silic need to record a depreciation expense on the building. 12/31/2003 Charge to Depreciationâ‚ ¬500 Depreciation Provisions â‚ ¬500 Revaluation Surplus â‚ ¬100 Consolidated Reservesâ‚ ¬100 * As given in the question, the depreciation expense is â‚ ¬500. Silic depreciates its office and buildings on a straight-line basis. We can deduce the useful life of this particular building is 25 years (â‚ ¬12,500/â‚ ¬500 = 25 years). * The company also needs to amortize the revaluation surplus it originally recorded in response to the fair value revaluation based on the useful life of the building. â‚ ¬2,500/25 years = â‚ ¬100. The amortized amount moved to consolidated reserves (retained earnings). On 01/01/2004, Silic sold the building at â‚ ¬12,000 in cash. 01/01/2004 Cash â‚ ¬12,000 Depreciation Provisions â‚ ¬2,900 Building Land â‚ ¬12,500 Gains on Disposal â‚ ¬2,400 Revaluation Surplusâ‚ ¬2,400 Consolidated Reserves â‚ ¬2,400 * The firm received â‚ ¬12,000 in cash by disposing the asset. The net value of the building was â‚ ¬9,600 (â‚ ¬12,500 – â‚ ¬2,900 = â‚ ¬9,600). Thus, the firm sold the building at a gain of â‚ ¬2,400. * In addition, the firm needs to clear the revaluation surplus of this building to zero, and move the amount to consolidated reserves. #2 a) On 12/31/2012, Silic demolishes a fully-depreciated building. It needs to make the journal entry: 12/31/2012 Charge to Depreciation Depreciation and Provision Depreciation Provision â‚ ¬64,000 Buildings Landâ‚ ¬64,000 * The firm needs to first record the depreciation expense for the last year of the asset’s useful life. The amount cannot be determined by the given information provided in the question. * We also need to clear this particular building from the balance sheet by debiting Depreciation Provision (contra-asset account) and crediting Building Land. b) No, this would not produce a faithful representation of Silic’s activities for the building. We still need to amortize the revaluation surplus for the last year. It would not be representational faithful if the remaining value of fair-value mark-up still sits in the Revaluation Surplus account, because the gain is already realized through the depreciation of the asset. We need to amortize the remaining surplus to consolidated reserves to show the event. Although this journal entry may not necessarily affect the value of total liabilities and equities, we still need to make sure to record this entry to provide investors with most representational faithful information. #3 01/01/2005 Buildings Landâ‚ ¬93,863 Unrealized Gains on Land and Buildingsâ‚ ¬93,863 The number is calculated by subtracting the historical cost of land and buildings on exhibit 4 from the fair value of these assets on exhibit 4b. * â‚ ¬1,681,493 – (â‚ ¬1,139,063 + â‚ ¬448,567) = â‚ ¬93,863 #4 (a) From my point of view, cost accounting method provides more relevant information to investors. According to FAC No. 8 Objectives of Financial Reporting, â⠂¬Å"relevant financial information is capable of making a difference in the decision made by users†. The two most important characteristics are the information’s predictive value and confirmatory value. As indicated in the case, Silic primarily competes in the French commercial-property market, which 72% (2004 data) of its earnings was derived from rental properties. As a result, its ordinary course of business centers around its leasing activities, and the fair market value of the properties is not a significant indicator of the company’s performance. Thus, the fluctuation in the value of properties should not materially affect investors’ decision making. Since the 1980s, the commercial property market of Paris and its surrounding region had experienced substantial upward and downward movements in the values of properties. If we incorporate the change in the fair market value into the computation of net income, Silic’s bottom line would fluctuate significantly each year. However, the truth is â€Å"the French real estate and property management industry had been growing steadily at an average rate of 2. 8% per year. † The industry and the company have been on a steady growth trend. Investors would not be able capture the real picture of the operating performance of the company if it switched to fair market accounting of properties. Therefore, I support the company’s decision of measuring investment property using the cost model. This election provides more relevant information to investors with regards to the company’s operating performance. (b) I think historical cost accounting would present Silic in the most favorable light over time. As I discussed in part (a), the adoption of IAS no. 40 would require Silic to mark its investment properties to fair value during each reporting period, and report the gains and losses on its income statement. As indicated in the case, French real estate market had experienced substantial upward and downward movements in the value of properties. Thus, a probable outcome of fair value accounting would be a significant fluctuation in the firm’s bottom line during each reporting period. Fluctuations in net income signals great risk of the financial performance of an entity. A normal risk averse investors would not invest in an company that poses significant risk. Therefore, I believe historical cost accounting would present Silic in the most favorable light over time. How to cite Silic Case, Essay examples

Management Information Systems †Case Study

Introduction Businesses require constant information to be processed and disseminated to the relevant stakeholders on time. To achieve this, they need Management Information systems.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Management Information Systems – specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A Management Information System is a set of connected apparatus, mostly computerized combinations that continuously acquire raw and needed data from within and outside a particular firm. Consequently, the data is processed and stored in a central place called database, where it is always updated and availed to those with authority to access it (Business Dictionary.com). There are several applications that are described in the case study. In a community medical center known as Doylestown, an application, Meditech, is in place. In the same medical center, another application, titled Epocrates Essentials is described. Another ap plication, which is ChainLinq Mobile application, is described as used in D.W. Morgan, being a supply chain, transportation and logistics service provider. Lastly, the iPhone camera is described in regards to a firm known as Aedas Sport. Business Functions Supported Meditech conveys data on crucial signs, drugs, lab results, aversions, notes by nurses, results from remedial treatment, as well as patient food straight to the doctors’ phone. Epocrates Essentials, an aesculapian reference tool is used to help doctors to decode laboratory outcomes and procure medical data. ChainLinq assists in updating of shipment information, collection of signatures, as well as provision of global positioning system locations to each individual box delivered. It has afforded Morgan the ability to present an attestation of delivery promptly. The iPhone camera has been used by designers and architects to take pictures of designs, models, and construction sites which are in turn sent to prospectiv e clients to Aedas Sport. How do they Improve Operational Efficiency and Decision Making? Meditech application enables doctors to be on call wherever they may be through sending them sensitive alerts through their emails from their work stations. This allows the doctors to make decisions quickly and long before they even get to the hospital. ChainLinq application has reduced the time needed to provide proof of delivery from half a day to immediate. The iPhone camera has enabled Aedas Sports to productivity jump to 400 percent. In addition, iPhone has facilitated the building of a large chronicle of observable assets almost effortlessly.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Problems Solved. First and foremost, the problem of mobility was solved for doctors in Doylestown meaning that doctors can still communicate even while not in the vicinity of the hospital. Thanks to ChainL inq, Morgan does not have to make numerous phone calls so as to track and proof deliveries. The customers as well are in a position to be aware of the status of their deliveries by logging in to the company’s website which is updated by the servers throughout. Businesses most likely to Benefit Among other businesses, the following will likely benefit. The Health sector will benefit when their employees are equipped with mobile digital devices. This will assist them in keeping in touch with their employers as well as patients’ history whenever needed. They can make decisions and communicate immediately. In addition, they will be able to make accurate calculations on laboratory results using the devices. Courier businesses are to benefit as well through tracking of their parcels as well as tracking the exact position of the mode of delivery, for example, trucks among others. In addition, these businesses will get proof of delivery in real time thus increasing efficiency and therefore, staying calm without having to make numerous phone calls to track the process of delivery. Designers and architectural businesses also stand to benefit from mobile devices. The iPhone will especially make it possible to get clear and professional photo shots, compile them into journals and send them to potential and actual clients. Supply store chains like Wal-Mart are likely to benefit, too. As soon as a customer buys a certain item, the supplier through the iPhone is alerted to ship replacement for the item. The supplier is able to know what quantity is needed as well. The banks are the ones that get lot of beneficiaries. The managers get real-time data in regard to customer complaints, network performance and line outages. The motor industry is set to benefit greatly too. For instance, Toyota uses Toyota Production System to achieve high levels of efficiency and quality. This gives them a competitive edge over their rivals. This arises from the fact that they charg e less for superior products, as well as give better responses to suppliers and customers through the system.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Management Information Systems – specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The iPhone is an Industry Changer This statement is about the change in communicating with suppliers and customers. The industry has changed through using iPhone since communication is conducted in real time. In the supply chain, transportation and logistics industry, where D.W. Morgan belongs, the firm is able to track every detail; it takes few minutes to do so. In other words, they make delivery in real time while it takes their competitors up to twelve hours to do the same task. This case study on Management Information Systems – was written and submitted by user Mathemanic to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

10 Silicon Facts (Element Number 14 or Si)

10 Silicon Facts (Element Number 14 or Si) Silicon is element number 14 on the periodic table, with the element symbol Si. Here is a collection of facts about this interesting and useful element: Silicon Fact Sheet Credit for discovering silicon is given to  Swedish chemist Jà ¶ns Jakob Berzelius, who reacted potassium fluorosilicate with potassium to produce amorphous silicon, which he named silicium, a name first proposed by Sir Humphry Davy in 1808. The name derives from the Latin words silex or silicis, which mean flint. Its probable English scientist Humphry Davy may have isolated impure silicon in 1808 and  French chemists Joseph L. Gay-Lussac and Louis Jacques Thà ©nard may have produced impure amorphous silicon in 1811. Berzelius is credited for the elements discovery because his sample was purified by repeatedly washing it, while earlier samples were impure.Scottish chemist Thomas Thomson named the element silicon in 1831, keeping part of the name Berzelius had given, but changing the ending of the name to -on because the element showed more similarities to boron and carbon than to the metals that had -ium names.Silicon is a metalloid, which means it has properties of both metals and nonmetals. Like other metalloids, silicon has different forms or allotropes. Amorphous silicon is usually seen as a gray powder, while crystalline silicon is a gray solid with a shiny, metallic appearance. Silicon conducts electricity better than nonmetals, yet not as well as metals. In other words, its a semiconductor. Silicon has a high thermal conductivity and conducts heat well.  Unlike metals, its brittle, and not malleable or ductile. Like carbon, it usually has a valence of 4 (tetravalent), but unlike carbon, silicon can also form five or six bonds.   Silicon is the second most abundant element on Earth by mass, making up over 27% of the crust. Its commonly encountered in silicate minerals, such as quartz and sand, but only rarely occurs as a free element. Its the 8th most abundant element in the universe, found at levels of about 650 parts per million. Its the principal element in a type of meteorite called aerolites.Silicon is needed for plant and animal life. Some aquatic organisms, such as diatoms, use the element to construct their skeletons. Humans need silicon for healthy skin, hair, nails, and bones, and to synthesize the proteins collagen and elastin. Dietary supplementation with silicon may increase bone density and reduce the risk of osteoporosis.Most silicon is used to produce the alloy ferrosilicon. Its used to produce steel. The element is purified to make semiconductors and other electronics. The compound silicon carbide is an important abrasive. Silicon dioxide is used to make glass. Because silicate minerals are c ommon, silicon oxides form rocks and are used to make glass and ceramics. Like water (and unlike most chemicals), silicon has a higher density as a liquid than as a solid.Natural silicon consists of three stable isotopes: silicon-28, silicon-29, and silicon-30. Silicon-28 is the most abundant, accounting for 92.23% of the natural element. At least twenty radioisotopes are also known, with the most stable being silicon-32, which has a half-life of 170 years.Miners, stone cutters, and people who live in sandy regions may inhale large quantities of silicon compounds and develop a lung disease called silicosis. Exposure to silicon may occur by inhalation, ingestion, skin contact, and eye contact. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) sets the legal limit for workplace exposure to silicon to  15  mg/m3  total exposure and 5  mg/m3  respiratory exposure for an 8-hour workday.Silicon is available at extremely high purity. Molten salt electrolysis of silica (silicon dioxide) or other silicon compounds can be used to obtain the element at 99.9% purity for use in semiconductors. The Siemens process is another method used to produce high purity silicon. This is a form of chemical vapor deposition where gaseous trichlorosilane is blown across a pure silicon rod to grow polycrystalline silicon (polysilicon) with a purity of 99.9999%.   Silicon Atomic Data Element Name: Silicon Element Symbol: Si Atomic Number: 14 Classification: metalloid (semimetal) Appearance: Hard gray  solid with a silver metallic luster. Atomic Weight: 28.0855 Melting Point:  1414  oC, 1687 K Boiling Point:  3265  oC, 3538 K Electron Configuration:  1s2  2s2  2p6  3s2  3p2 Density: 2.33  g/cm3 (as a solid near room temperature); 2.57 g/cm3 (as a liquid at the melting point) Oxidation States: 4, 3, 2, 1, -1, -2, -3, -4 Electronegativity: 1.90 on the Pauling scale Atomic Radius: 111 pm Crystal Structure: face-centered diamond cubic Heat of Fusion: 50.21 kJ/mol Heat of Vaporization: 383 kJ/mol Reference Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

Italian Adverbs of Manner - Avverbi di Modo

Italian Adverbs of Manner - Avverbi di Modo In English, adverbs of manner (avverbi di modo) are ones that end in -ly, like carefully or slowly. They indicate the way (the manner) in which an action takes place. Mia madre cucina egregiamente. - My mom cooks very well.La neve cade morbidamente sul davanzale della finestra. - The snow falls softly on the windowsill.Sono andato in fretta e furia dal dottore perchà ¨ non mi sentivo bene. - I hurried quickly to the doctor because I was not feeling well.Devi mescolare energicamente il composto prima di passare la teglia nel forno. - You must stir the mixture vigorously before transferring the pan to the oven. Which adverbs end in -mente? adverbs ending in -mente, which are the most numerous, and are formed by adding the suffix  to: The feminine form ending in -a: Alta- altamente high- highlyAspra- aspramente bitter- bitterlyCalorosa- calorosamente warm- warmlyOnesta- onestamente honest- honestly Adjectives ending in -e: Felice- felicemente happy- happilyForte- fortemente strong- stronglyLieve- lievemente slight- slightly NOTE: adjectives ending with the syllables -le and -re that are preceded by a vowel lose the final -e before adding the suffix -mente: Abile- abilmente skillful- skillfullyAgevole- agevolmente easy- easilyRegolare- regolarmente regular- regularly Adjectives ending in -lo: Benevolo- benevolmente kind- kindlyMalevolo- malevolmente spiteful- spitefully NOTE: the suffix -mente cannot be added to adjectives indicating color as well as a small number of other adjectives such as buono - good, cattivo - bad, giovane - young, vecchio - old. Adverbs ending with the suffix -oni, which is added to nouns and to forms derived from verbs: Ginocchio- ginocchioni knee- kneelingPenzolo- penzoloni bunch, cluster- hanging, danglingTastare- tastoni to feel, to probe- gropingly Adverbs which take the singular masculine form of certain aggettivi qualificativi (qualifying adjectives): Vederci chiaro - to see it clearlyCamminare piano - to walk slowlyParlare forte - to speak loudlyGuardare storto - to look askewRispondere giusto - to answer correctly Several adverbs, which are derived from Latin: Bene - wellMale - badlyMeglio - betterPeggio - worse Locuzioni avverbiali di modo (adverbs of manner idioms), of which there are several, including: allimpazzata - wildlya pià ¹ non posso - like crazya piedi - by footdi corsa - in a rushdi sicuro - surely, certainlydi solito - usuallyin fretta - quickly, fastin un batter docchio - in the blink of an eye The Origin of Adverbs of Manner An avverbio di modo that ends with the suffix -mente is derived from a Latin phrase consisting of an adjective and the noun mente: for example, the Latin devota mente means with devout intent, with devout feeling; sana mente means with sound purpose, with good purpose and so on. Over time the recurring use evolved; the second element of the phrase lost both its nominal quality as well as its semantic value and became a simple suffix. Thus was born the adverb: devotamente (devout), sanamente (soundly), fortemente (loudly). In any case, the adverb of manner maintains clear evidence of its former phrase state: the female gender of the adjective (devotamente, not devotomente, given that the Latin noun mente is feminine). Adverbs ending in -mente replaced vulgar Latin adverbs ending in -e and classical Latin adverbs ending in -iter: for example, devotamente substituted for the Latin devote, and solamente substituted for singulariter.

Gestalt Family Therapy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Gestalt Family Therapy - Essay Example In this therapy the experiences of the patient are not interpreted by the therapist instead the patient is encouraged to become aware of their needs and to accept them, come to an understanding of how to fulfill them and then let go of them. In this therapy the experiences of the patient are not interpreted by the therapist, but the therapist works along with the patient to enable them to understand themselves. This therapy helps a patient to become a well adjusted individual who understands that in life there is a constant flow of needs and one has to accept them, understand them, fulfill them if possible or let go of them without regrets. Gestalts Family Therapy is an extension of these goals, in that, the therapy is not for an individual but extends to the family. Walter Kempler, who initially worked with Perls, brought about this form of Family Therapy. His immediate goal is to engage the entire family in therapy, such that the members who seek to come together and at the same time separate can resolve their issues using Gestalts Therapy and thus resolve their problems. The final goal is accepting reality as it is, and thus accepting one’s own and the other’s movement to and away from togetherness. This could mean freedom and relief for one and loss and grief for another. Gestalt Family Therapy allows one to realize this loss, grieve for it and then move on. (Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Kempler) The basic aim of this therapy is to bring about self awareness. The goal of Gestalts therapy is to help patients in discovering their ability to regulate and have successful relationships with others who share their space (i.e. with family, at work, with friends etc) and to connect with their inner selves and accept themselves as they truly are. The therapist helps the patient to uncover the unresolved issues which fade into the subconscious and then helps the patient to understand

Music Appreciation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Music Appreciation - Essay Example However, when we hear someone talk about â€Å"classical music†, he or she is most likely talking about the kind of musical standards set in the common practice period, when European music became different in notation from the music of other parts of the world. Because the word â€Å"classical music† is unfairly broad, it is best for music scholars and appreciators to compare classical eras, such as the Romantic era and the Baroque era. Even though the times the experts have set as either the â€Å"Baroque† or the â€Å"Romantic† are somewhat arbitrary, they are convenient. Otherwise, it is not fair to lump very different kinds of music together into one. In today’s terms, that would be like lumping pop artists with classic rock artists and bluegrass artists, stretched across a 400-year period. Within this 400-year period in European music, from the 16th to the 20th century, European music developed and perfected a system of staff notation to preser ve and transmit very important information about the musical composition. With staff notation, composers gained the ability to guide performers on their use of meter, rhythm, speed, and pitch, all necessary to perform any given piece of music. As a result, European classical music became unique and different from other forms of classical music like those in the Asian continent. European classical music, with a strict system of notation, left less room for improvisation and invention on the part of performers. The performers became indistinguishable from their instruments.

Female economy

Female economy The twenty first century has seen the elevated extension of the world economy. As years progress changes have been inevitable as issues such as the financial crisis wreak havoc with economies. Following this, researchers are focusing their studies on how best to penetrate the current market and emerge unscathed despite the prevalent challenges. It is from this point of view that Sayre and Silverstein (2009) sought to examine the place of women in todays market. In their article they explore the predicament facing women and companies due to the latters failure to acknowledge the power women possess. Women are increasingly dominating the worlds market and as drivers of the world economy, they demand attention from product and service companies. Estimated to control almost $20trillion in annual consumer expenditure, they are a neglected consumer group resulting in hefty untapped opportunities. The article indicates that a majority of women feel highly underserved and sidelined by product companies. This is despite the current and growing stature of women in the society. Women have become quite powerful due to the effects of education, leadership opportunities and career opportunities. It is no longer a world where most women were uneducated; currently women dominate half of global students and this enhances their capacities for choice of consumption. Furthermore, most women are seeking to advance their career opportunities and employment is accompanied by elements of dynamic consumption needs. In the study, it is eminent that women face challenges in managing their households and finances, having too many demands and the lack of enough time for themselves. Right here is a loophole for companies to capitalize and serve women with regard to their specific needs. Sayre and Silverstein (2009) emphasize that companies must learn the strategies of selling to women especially bec ause their dominance is bound to accrue large profits. A comprehensive research study requires a concrete research problem. In Sayre and Silverstein (2009), the researchers aimed at understanding how women feel about their work and lives and how they were served by businesses. Even though the stated research problem detailed indicated the appropriate form of research methodology to be used it did not indicate the overall subject of the study. Walliman (2006, p.67) argue that hypotheses used in constructing the research problem should emerge from logical deductions from a background research of the topic. However, the article does not use ample background research as no literature review is evident in the study. In addition, while the study is keen to address the fact that women dominate todays market the research problem does not draw a connection to this fact. The research problem guides one into conceptualizing the appropriate form of research methodology and as the article progresses it is evident that qualitative methods were most ap propriate. The study chose to use qualitative research methods in understanding womens needs and their feelings on the services offered by businesses. Qualitative research is suitable in such studies which seek to understand issues comprehensively and whose qualitative data cannot accomplish the same. As asserted by Ragin (1994, p.83) qualitative research emphasizes on in-depth knowledge and a refined elaboration of images, concepts and overall perceptions. In the study, the qualitative research methods used were the questionnaire and interview methods. All these methods were web based with most of the participants being required to access web services and undertake the interviews. The web survey posted in the consultancy groups website attracted more than 12 000 women from a vast range of geographies. The survey contained a questionnaire with 120 questions about different aspects of womens lives. Such aspects included homes, careers, education, relationships, interests and activities among oth ers. This form of survey gives anonymity to participants who then feel uncompromised in answering the questions given. In addition it targets a wide range of participants and thus increases the validity of research results as participants are diverse and unbiased. The web survey was in tandem with the research goal as the questions addressed the research problem and even heightened the researchs effect through a diversified response. As a qualitative research method, the interview presents a unique form of conversation where the interviewer seeks to understand various items in the participants point of view. Internet interviewing provides for a suitable interviewing technique. With the similar advantage of anonymity, the researcher can seek answers from participants through email and other chat services. The study used internet interviewing in their study of women working in various organizations. Hewson (2003, p.45) observes that internet interviewing may limit the researcher from accessing nonverbal information expressed by participants. In a situation where the research clearly embarks on a mission of comprehensiveness, this might be a shortfall in the study. Interview conversations need to be highly structured and this prompts researchers to design specific interview questions in order to guide the process. In any research study, it is expected that various procedures are undertaken as a way of ensuring the comprehensiveness and credibility of the study. At the onset of research preparations are made on how to acquire research participants. While the article underlies the target of the survey to be women, it fails to stipulate protocol for sampling. This open web survey received responses from women and the conducted interviews were similarly addressed to women. The articles failure to outline the sampling procedure lives room for speculation and skepticism on the researchs validity and reliability. Regardless of the sampling misdemeanors, this open form of web survey attracted a sample of participants who fit in with the research outcomes perfectly. Ethical considerations in carrying out research are an integral part of any research study. Its importance is quite pertinent and omitting it may lead to dire consequences. In the article, there are no indications of any ethical underpinnings to the study. The web survey does not provide any contractual agreement detailing the object of the research and reasons for research. Whether in the web survey or interviews carried out by the researcher, they are required to make the potential research participant understand their role in the research process. Bell (2005, p.45) argues that it is insufficient when the interviewer just displays the contract and expects the participant to sign it. Seeking consent of the participants is important and the article has no evidence that these measures were taken. In the view of a lack of consent or infringed privacy, researchers are liable to facing legal repercussions which may waylay their research. Moreover, as an interviewer it is crucial to ask questions in a respectful manner which takes into consideration the various characteristics of the participants. Dealing with internet interviews may require one to infer on the appropriate time for the interview and researchers should take any recommendations respectfully. In cases of any shortcomings caused by ineffective ethical considerations, the article should have stated so. Despite this, the web survey allowed participants to engage in the study at their own time and the questions used were in no way inappropriate. Following the study the article chose six archetypes which were observed to be common amongst respondents. It is through these common characteristics that the data collected was analyzed. The data analysis is not clearly detailed as the procedures undertaken in compiling and evaluating the various responses are not outlined. The article immediately embarks on presenting the research results and findings. The six archetypes included fast-tracker, pressure cooker, relationship focused; managing on her own, fulfilled empty nester and making ends meet (Silverstein, 2009, p.49). With reference to each of these aspects, the article expounds on the factors which make women the largest consumers with regard to the products from the specific industries. Using these segments was instrumental in establishing the kind of consumers marketers in companies should aim to target. It is similarly advantageous to understand what consumers are looking for in the market and their specific needs. The key segments were well presented in a chart describing their income levels, age and stages of life. The article also extensively presents the portion of the population each type of women occupied and the percentage of overall income possessed. The article further indicated the priorities and needs of the women in each segment which gives marketers an idea of the most appropriate consumer goods for them. In the industries which presented the largest opportunities like food, fitness, beauty and apparel, women voiced their views on their experiences with these industries. For instance, women were seen to value fitness highly but it always tends to take a backseat in their lives. The reason behind this was the fact that most women often prioritized other peoples needs before their own. Thus, the lack of time provided an opportunity for fitness centers to derive fitness sessions which were less time consuming. On the other hand, the study also included responses on such industries as financial services and healthcare where women felt neglected and underserved. Considering that womens income margins are quite high and they continue to rise, they are required to access effective financial services. Women cited disrespect, stereotyping, poor advice and contradictory policies as some of the characteristics of financial institutions. It was clear that these institutions needed to review their approaches and embark on a marketing strategy aimed at keeping women customers happy. The conclusions made in the article are derived from a logical and comprehensive evaluation of the research findings. The article draws from insights on the future outlook of the worlds economy and the effects of the ever growing female workforce. The future of most companies lies at the hand of women as they make up the majority of the worlds consumer spenders. Furthermore, as the research sought to answer the research questions it studies various segments which define women and their consumer needs. As the article concludes that women will continue to experience challenges in such areas, companies must target the specific needs of women. Women are seen to respond to services which encourage love, care and respect which provide a clear picture of what companies should do in order to accrue more sales. The article has in no way illustrated limitations for the research which indicates a subjective form of study. It is crucial to indicate shortcomings of a study and cite areas where mo re research should be carried out. Nevertheless, the article is indeed quite informative and provides ample insights for marketers and companies dealing with women consumers. References Bell, J. (2005). Doing your Research Project: A Guide for First Time Researchers in Educationand Social Science. Berkshire: Open University Press. Hewson, C. (2003). Internet Research Methods: A Practical Guide for the Social and Behavioral Science. London: Sage Publications Ltd. Ragin, C.C. (1994). Constructing Social Research: The Unity and Diversity of Method. California: Pine Forge Press. Sayre, K., and Silverstein, M.J. (September, 2009). The Female Economy Harvard Business Review. hbr.org Walliman, N. (2006). Social Research Methods. London: Sage Publications Ltd.

Walking Dead Syndrome

THE WALKING DEAD SYNDROME English 150 Instructor: S. Jone November 7, 2011 The Walking Dead Syndrome Introduction The Walking Dead syndrome is considered a rare disease. I believe everyone in this existence has a purpose on this vast place we call earth. However, there are people diagnosed with a syndrome who believe they have no soul or convinced themselves they are dead. The â€Å"Walking Dead Syndrome† is also commonly known as â€Å"Cotard’s Syndrome†. In this paper, I will refer this syndrome as â€Å"Cotard’s syndrome†. Cotard’s syndrome is linked with other mental illnesses which could explain a person’s state of mind of feeling non-existent in society. I will further discuss eight aspects of this syndrome: defining the Walking Dead Syndrome, defining mental illness, description of several mental illnesses associated with this syndrome, classifications of Cotard’s syndrome, analysis of patients, diagnosis of syndrome, and types of treatments available for patients. Defining Walking Dead Syndrome or Cotard’s Syndrome Many people I discussed this topic with never heard of the â€Å"Walking Dead Syndrome†. The Walking Dead Syndrome was first created by French neurologist, Jules Cotard, hence, named the â€Å"Cotard’s Syndrome†. He was a French neurologist who first described this psychiatric condition. First reference to the syndrome was made in the year 1880, when Jules Cotard gave a lecture in Paris. In this lecture, he described various degrees of the syndrome, while he said that a person who resorts to despair and self-hatred begins in the early stages of this disorder. With deterioration, the person might go to the extent of denying the very existence of himself or herself. There are detached from the sense of existence of self (â€Å"Cotard Syndrome† 2010). Patients portray themselves similar to the concept of â€Å"zombies†. Hollywood has portrayed horror and science fiction based movies on â€Å"zombies† or the â€Å"walking dead†. In the movies, zombies are typically mean and fond of human flesh, they groan and cannot talk, have incredible strength, and display rotting flesh. A zombie is physically identical to a normal human being, but completely lacks conscious experience. If we suddenly lost our minds, or consciousness our bodies might continue to run on for a while, our hearts might continue to beat, we might breathe while asleep and digest food. But without the contribution made by minds, behavior could not show characteristically human features. In the Urban Dictionary, 1999-2011, a zombie is defined â€Å"as deceased human being who has partially returned to life due to undeterminable causes. The brain retains base facilities, namely gross motor function. In its near-mindless state, it grasps no remains of emotion, personality, or sensation of pain. In rare cases, some of the reanimated have reflexively preformed routine activities from their past lives†. The people diagnosed with Walking Dead Syndrome have similar portrayals including not having internal organs and smelling of rotting flesh. A hypothetical analogy can be explained when most of us have woken up after a really good night out. Our first drive in the morning was motivated by a desire for food and coffee. If we as a society experience a chemical or radiological contamination, we might be experiencing the hangover from hell. Our higher thought would be destroyed, the neural system would be degraded, and leave just the body running on its primary functions. Defining Mental Illness Since the beginning of man, I think there has been mental illness, and chemical imbalance generates a huge part, and some people just do not have the ability to use parts of their brain for reason and logic. According to to Sorrentino, Wilk, and Newmaster (2009), a mental illness can be: â€Å"caused by a combination of genetic, biological, personality, and environmental factors, is a disturbance in a person’s ability to cope with or adjust to stress; the person’s thinking, mood, and behaviours are affected, and functioning is impaired †¦mental illnesses affect people of all ages, culture, and educational and income levels. The onset of most mental illnesses occurs during adolescence and young adulthood† (p. 641). Most mental illnesses are brought on by the stresses of life, money, property, and consumption. Having a mental illness varies from person to person and if you cannot go about your day as you normally would due to a condition then it is a mental illness. An example would be having an â€Å"anxiety disorder†, and if you cannot leave your house anymore due to petrifying fear, then there is clearly a problem. Unless of course you cannot recognize that you are having problems and you are posing a threat to yourself or others, then you can be forcibly placed under the guidance of a psychologist. Mental illness can be contributed to either biological, psychological, and environmental factors. The biological factors can be attributed to genetics or â€Å"mental disorders tend to run in families, suggesting a hereditary factor†¦the number of close relatives a person has who suffer from depression or other mood disorders is the best predictor of the likelihood that the individual will develop a mood disorder† (Boyd, Johnson, Bee, 2009, p. 385). In addition, psychological aspects can be contributed to emotional, physical, or sexual abuse, and the environmental causes can be defined as a person living in poverty or substance abuse. Mental Illnesses Associated with Cotard’s Syndrome People diagnosed with the â€Å"Cotard’s Syndrome† have been treated for a mental illness or combination of bi-polar, delusions, schizophrenia, and schizoaffective disorder, to name a few. The major mental illnesses are painful, pervasive, disruptive and usually disabling. Firstly, a â€Å"bi-polar disorder† is defined as â€Å"a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in a person’s mood, energy, and ability to function† (Sorrentino, Wilk, Newsmaster, 2009, p. 651). Whereas, â€Å"delusions† are the â€Å"false beliefs that are firmly held† (Purse, 2011). An example is a person who has grandeur delusions or has paranoid tendencies. In the grandiose subtype, the person is convinced that he has some great talent or has made some important discovery, they have an inflated sense of self-worth. In addition, their delusions center on their own importance, such as believing that they have done or created something of extreme value or think they have a â€Å"special mission†. There is reference to another type of delusion known as â€Å"nihilistic delusions†. This type of delusion describes a person â€Å"focused on the individual’s body, including loss of body parts, being dead, or not existing at all† (Debruyne, Portzky, Peremans, & Audenaert, 2011). Furthermore, Cotard syndrome created a new type of depression which â€Å"is described as anxious melancholia, ideas of damnation or rejection, insensitivity to pain, delusions or nonexistence concerning one’s own body, and delusions of immorality† (Debruyne, Portzky, Peremans, & Audenaert, 2011). This type of delusion is a major attribute of Cotard’s syndrome. Thirdly, â€Å"schizophrenia† which â€Å"is an extremely complex mental health disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disturbances in thinking, and withdrawal from social activity† (Sorrentino, Wilk, Newsmaster, 2009, p. 55). News and entertainment media tend to link mental illnesses including schizophrenia to criminal violence. Most people with schizophrenia, however, are not violent toward others but are withdrawn and prefer to be left alone. Lastly, â€Å"schizoaffective disorder† is described as a â€Å"person having symptoms of both schizophrenic and bipolar disord er† (Purse, 2006). Some disorders will cause parts of the brain to stop performing their normal functions. These can leave people out of control and disoriented (not knowing what they themselves are doing). Classifications of Cotard’s Syndrome In its early stages, Cotard’s syndrome is characterized by vague feeling of anxiety with a varying time span from weeks to years. This anxious state gradually augments and can result in nihilistic delusions where denial of life or denial of body parts are the prominent features. The patient loses sense of reality. Despite the delusion of being dead, these patients show an increased tendency to automutilation (self harm) or suicidal behaviour. (Debruyne, Portzky, Peremans, and Audenaert, 2011). A case studying involving 100 patients, in Debruyne, Portzky, Van den Eynde, and Audenaert, (2009) reveal three types of Cotard’s syndrome. The first is a form of â€Å"psychotic depression† in which anxiety, melanchonlia, delusions of guilt, and auditory hallucinations are the more prominent features. The second class is â€Å"Cotard’s syndrome Type I†, which is associated with hypochondriac and nihilistic delusions. The third type is â€Å"Cotard’s syndrome Type II†, which includes anxiety, depression, delusions of immortality, nihilistic delusions and suicidal behaviour are characteristic features†. However, in Debruyne, Portzky, Peremans, and Audenaert, 2011, a case study conducted in 1999, identified three stages of Cotard’s syndrome. The first stage, germination stage, is characterized by important hypochondriac cenesthopathy and depressive mood. A diagnosis of Cotard’s syndrome cannot be made in this stage yet. In the blooming stage, the characteristic features of Cotard’s syndrome (nihilistic delusions, delusions of immorality together with anxiety and negativism) are seen. The last stage, the chronic stage is differentiated in two forms: one with persistent emotional disturbances (depressive type) and the second where depressive symptoms are less prominent (paranoid type) (as cited by Yamman, 1999). The two classifications described above have assisted in diagnosing of Cotard’s syndrome. The similar features displayed are nihilistic delusions, depressive mood, and anxiety. Analysis This syndrome does not affect a specific category of people. A study of 100 patients, revealed that â€Å"Cotard’s syndrome was diagnosed in 2 of 349 patients†¦taking into account only severely depressed older adult patients. In addition, the average of age of person studied was 52 years of age, however, the study also suggested that Cotard’s was occasionally described in children and adolescents (Debruyne, Portzky, Van den Eynde, Audenaert, 2009). Furthermore, according to Wani et al. , (2008), â€Å"this syndrome is typically related to depression and is mostly found in middle-aged or older people. In the analysis the following results were displayed: â€Å"depressive mood (89%), nihilistic delusions (69%), anxiety (65%), delusions of guilt (63%), delusions of immortality (55%), hypochondriac delusions (58%)† (Debruyne, Portzky, Peremans, and Audenaert, 2011). Diagnosis The diagnosis reveals a psychological and neurological aspect of Cotard’s syndrome. The â€Å"depersonalization phenomenon† as described in Debruyne, Portzky, Van den Eynde, and Audenaert, 2009, is referred to using German erminology leib (body for me) and korper (body as such), korper becomes more prominent than leib and the body less associated with the self (leib), depersonalization onset can then occur. However, in depersonalization, the patient feels as if he or she is dead (in difference of affect), whereas in Cotard’s syndro me, the patient is convinced that he or she is dead (lack of feeling). Cotard’s syndrome is often associated with parietal lobe lesions. Compared with controls, patients with Cotard’s syndrome have more brain atrophy in general and more median frontal lobe atrophy in particular. Cotard’s syndrome may be associated with multifocal brain atrophy and medial frontal lobe disease. Neurological assessments were performed and findings resulted in patients affected by â€Å"parietal brain dysfunction† and structural brain abnormalities. Recent discoveries have indicated that Cotard’s syndrome was associated with multifocal brain atrophy and interhemispheric fissure enlargement. The interhemispheric fissure enlargement means â€Å"parietal lobe lesions† (Joseph and O'Leary, 2011) or bending in the frontal and occipital regions and this abnormality also been observed in schizophrenic patients. Others have described and enlargement of the third and lateral ventricles. In one patient, the patient was diagnosed with a schizophrenia disorder and a left sided hypoperfusion in the temporal, parietal and frontal lobes. The medical term of hypoperfusion is defined as a â€Å"decreased blood flow through an organ† (Meriam-Webster, 2011). In addition, the patient experienced improvements of the inferior frontal and left hypoperfusion and there was evidence of decreased hyperprofusion of the left temporal lobe†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (cited in Debruyne, Portzky, Van den Eynde, and Audenaert, 2009). Treatments There are several methods utilized to treat mental health struggles. A patient can seek professional assistance by psychology or psychiatry therapy and/or the utilization of medication. If you lived in the 16th century with any undefined mental disorder, you were considered as â€Å"possessed by the Devil† and cast away to some godforsaken monastery dungeon in which monks would constantly pray for and exorcise you. The Catholic Church they used a methodical guidebook to describe all behavioral aspects and associations of witchcraft, satanism, etc. nd utilized this upon people who were suffered with mental or behavioral maladies, and it was not commonly understood in the Medieval and Renaissance periods. In the medieval ages, they were burned because they thought demons haunted the mentally ill. In later years, we willfully experimented on them, cutting into their bodies and brains to â€Å"fix them†, this was called, trepanation. The â€Å"evidence of trepan ation has been found in prehistoric human remains from Neolithic times onward. Cave paintings indicate that people believed the practice would cure epileptic seizures, migraines, and mental disorders† (Wikipedia, 2011). It is really disgusting and is the major reason that even today it is to some a badge of humiliation instead of just an illness. Complete recovery may occur spontaneously and suddenly as onset of Cotard’s syndrome. There are several reports of successful pharmacological treatment of Cotard’s syndrome. Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) is considered an important treatment option in Cotard’s syndrome. It is noted, in Debruyne, Portzky, Van den Eynde, Audenaert, 2009, that young patients use of mood stabilizers should be considered because Cotard’s syndrome in this population is often part of a bipolar disorder. Successful treatment with ECT and the patient with underlying major depressive disorder resulted in recovery of left and right temporal hypoprofussion and normalization of profusion in the frontal cortex was reported after treatment with antidepressants (Debruyne, Portzky, Peremans, and Audenaert, 2011). Please be aware that people who have true mental illnesses do suffer. They want more than anything to be able to feel and function like other people and they will actively seek help. The reality is that certain medications and treatments help those who are suffering from these conditions. Conclusion Mental illness is not a modern invention. The mentally ill have been recognized in one form or another by every culture we have a record of. How they were perceived and what their value is what has largely changed. Some people do not retreat into their minds as much as they are supposed to, while others spend all their time there. What we eat and breathe and drink affects our health and our brain, and a healthy individual's brain tends to have more to work with and develop all the right chemicals and nerve sheaths. A good parent with their strong sense of empathy realizes that their child is a thinking, growing human being and will always need that light touch that points them in the â€Å"right direction† and prevent them from getting â€Å"lost†. The right nature and nurturing are essential for a healthy development. Some cases of these disorders I believe could be a simple lack of the ingredients to solve this chemical imbalance. Given that our brain is constantly changing accordingly with the times, a chronic chemical imbalance quickly becomes more than just that, as the brain has grown and changed around this shortcoming. The kind of understanding you wish people had for those with mental disorders would be a universal understanding for all if people would look into themselves and observe their own thoughts and behaviors. We are our best test subjects since we have full access to all the â€Å"data†, and by observing ourselves totally (mentally, developmentally, chemically) we can apply our understanding to others and learn from the experience. People need to care about how people's minds work in general, understanding â€Å"you guys† would come with the turf, and communication with our angry neighbors would be much more effective since we'd all see where everyone is coming from. Philosophers have long contemplated human happiness, and how to live a â€Å"good† life, in harmony with our own nature. The problem is that humans do not really know what makes them happy, and what they think will, or will not, and instead they find contempt and superficial pleasures they believe will satisfy them. As a result, some people will not live a good and peaceful life that satisfies the majority of people. The fact is not everyone needs medication, but there are those who do. Some need it temporarily, some for a lifetime. Some simply need therapy, and some benefit from dietary changes. I believe understanding is the highest ideal we should seek to attain. Understanding and being honest with ourselves about ourselves and applying our own understanding to others may help us see that we are not as different as we'd like to believe. I believe that sense of commonality with all human beings can generate empathy, compassion and ultimately peace in all of us. It is when we categorize each other, ourselves, and place value on those categories then we breed hatred, ignorance and fear. References Boyd, D. , Johnson, Paul, Bee, Helen (2009). Lifespan Development. (4th Canadian Edition). Toronto: Pearsons Canada Inc. Cotard Syndrome. (2010). Disorders Central. Retrieved October 10, 2011, from http://www. disorderscentral. com/cotard-syndrome. html Debruyne, H. , Portzky, M. Peremans, K. , ; Audenaert, K. , (2011). Mind and Brain The Journal of Psychiatry. Retrieved October 6, 2011, from http://content. yudu. com/Library/A1t5r8/MindampBraintheJourn/resources/73. htm Debruyne, H. , Portzky, M. , Van den Eynde, F. , ; Audenaert, K. (2009). Cotard’s Syndrome: A Review. Current Psychiatry Reports. Retrieved October 6, 2011, from University of Calgary On-line Resources: http://www. springerlink. com. ezproxy. lib. ucal gary. ca/content/f43j790n7161432m/ Hypoperfusion. (2011). Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved November 5, 2011, from http://www. merriam-webster. com/medical/hypoperfusion Joseph AB, and O'Leary DH. (2011). Brain atrophy and interhemispheric fissure enlargement in Cotard's syndrome. PubMed. gov. Retrieved November 6, 2011, from http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmed/3759917 Purse, Marcia. (2011). Delusions. About. com. Retrieved October 6, 2011, from http://bipolar. about. com/od/definingbipolardisorder/g/gl_delusions. htm Purse, Marcia. (2006). Schizoaffective Disorder. About. com. Retrieved October 6, 2011, from http://bipolar. about. om/od/glossary/g/gl_schizoaffect. htm Sorrentino, Sheila A. , Wilk, Mary J. , and Newsmaster, Rosemary (2009). Mosby’s Canadian Textbook for the Support Worker. (2nd Canadian Edition). Toronto: Elsevier Canada Urban Dictionary. (1999-2011). Zombie. Retrieved November 6, 2011, from http://www. urbandictionary. com/define. php? term=zombie Wani, A. Z, Abdul, W. Khan, Aijaz, A. Babe, Hayat, A. Khan, Qurat-ul, A. Wani, and Taploo, Rayneesa (2008). Cotard's syndrome and delayed diagnosis in Kashmir, India. International Journal of Mental Health Systems.

The Problem Of Police Brutality - 1646 Words

One of the biggest problems that plague America is police brutality. The job of the police is to protect the community they’re assigned to work in, from any illegal activity that occurs. However, there are officers who believe they are above the law. Police brutality has been a political oppression that has been occurring more many years. There’s been many cases of excessive force towards innocent civilians by an officer that has sparked a national outrage. Stephan Lendman of Media with Conscience said in his article regarding the matter that â€Å"Police brutality occurs multiple times daily across America.† â€Å"In big cities. In small ones. In urban areas. In rural ones.† John Wihbey and Leighton Walter Kille from JournalistsResourch.org reported that â€Å"Research has definitively established that â€Å"racial profiling† by law enforcement exists — that persons of color are more likely to be stopped by police.† However, it does not mean that Caucasians are subject to be victims of police misconduct. Most recently there’s been an increase of police brutality among the transgender community particularly black trans women. Police brutality will come to end if the law set in place against it is enforced more with the lawbreakers to be prosecuted to the full extent of the law as well as the requirement of body cameras for officers on duty. 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Life And Death Of A Serial Killer - 1092 Words

Welcome to my world, where monsters exist. Some may beg to differ that monsters do not exist in real life but quite frankly they do. When I say monsters I’m not speaking on behalf of the ideal scary monsters that hide under children’s bed or in their closets. The monsters I’m referring to are serial killers that live and breathe the same air as us. In my opinion, Serial killers are sick psychopaths with no conscience, a damaged past, a lack morals and self-worth. After viewing the film â€Å"Life and Death of a Serial Killer† starring one of America’s first female serial killers, Aileen Wuornos; I began to wonder why do individuals become serial killers? What is so special about committing murders and what causes the urge, thrill and the desire to kill? What exactly is the reason behind it all? These questions constantly cross my mind. After learning about Aileen Wuornos childhood, I concluded that her upbringing was one factor that drove her to b ecome a serial killer. 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